Social Studies help
Moms View Message Board: General Discussion: Archive October 2006:
Social Studies help
Ok, dd has a crossword puzzle that uses her definitions for Social Studies homework tonight. One of the questions is just NOT in this book and I am not having luck finding it online either. This is the question...
What is a tax that men had to pay by working for their city-states?
The answer is _ u _ _ e _
Any guesses?
Is this in relation to study about a certain country, or a certain time period in history? When I just googled city-state, I got links to stuff about ancient Greece. Is that what she is studying?
Does this help:
Tullage - from an online History of the Jews:
"The brother of Richard the Lionhearted. He imprisoned much of the Jewish population until they paid the enormous sum of 66,000 marks as a tax called a "tullage". This tax could be imposed by any lord on his serfs or the king on his Jews without special permission. Abraham of Bristol, who refused to pay his "share" (10,000 silver marks) had a tooth pulled every day until he agreed to pay. He lost seven teeth before he was able to raise the funds."
Or, it might, more correctly, be "tallage"
"The head, poll, or hearth tax replaced the tallage or queste in the twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth centuries. It was levied on serfs as well as others, though the condition of the serf, as is indicated by the fine of seven solidi, had been considerably ameliorated. In this instance Gerard, Count of Loos, was granting to Brusthem the law of Liège."
Also: " The serf also paid a variety of dues to the lord: the annual capitation or head tax (literally, a tax on existence), the taille (a tax on the serf's property), and the heriot (an inheritance tax). Lastly, medieval serfs paid a number of banalities which were taxes paid to use the lord's mills, ovens and presses."
and, finally:
"Tallage:
1) A tax levied on boroughs and on the tenants living on royal estates.
(MEDIEV-L. Medieval Terms)
2) Tax levied at the will of the lord on unfree tenants, or tax levied on towns at the king's discretion.
(Waugh, Scott. England in the Reign of Edward III, 238)
3) Annual tax levied by lord on villeins.
(Gies, Frances and Joseph. Life in a Medieval Village, 246)
4) Arbitrary levy, especially on property of unfree tenants and ancient demesne of Crown.
(Sayles, George O. The King's Parliament of England, 146)
5) An occasional direct tax of a relatively arbitrary kind, taken from those who (like villeins) were personally unfree or (like towns) had a customary obligation to pay; thus distinguished from aids, which were regarded as more freely granted. In towns, used in two main senses: A) royal tallages, i.e. lump sums levied by the king before they were superseded by parliamentary taxes; B) town or borough tallages levied by town authorities for their own use.
(Reynolds, Susan. An Introduction to the History of English Medieval Towns, 200)"
More than you or your daughter ever wanted to know.
What grade, what text book is she using?
Wow, Ginny, how did you find all that out? (Sounds pretty mean, though, doesn't it?)
6th grade, as far as the text book, it is called Marcourt Brace Social Studies The World... that is what it says on the cover??? The Unit we are in is called Early people and lifeways and the chapter is on Southwest Asia....
Ginny, correct me if I am wrong, but none of your suggestions would fit in the word I have above.... I know all the others are correct, so that is the way the word is. She called a friend of hers and she said the answer is "burden".... I would feel better if it said one stinking word about it!!! LOL
You're right, they don't fit. As to how I found it, I did a google for head tax medieval (I assumed it was medieval). I also didn't read the description very well. I see now that this tax was paid by working for the city-state.
I know in medieval times a serf owed so many days of work to his feudal lord, but for the life of me, I can't think of how to search for work tax for a city-state.
I found this, on Wiki:
Taxation in Ancient Greece
Taxation
Direct taxation was not well-developed in ancient Greece. The eisphorá (εἰσφορά) was a tax on the wealth of the very rich, but it was levied only when needed — usually in times of war. Large fortunes were also subject to liturgies, that is, the support of public works. Liturgies could consist, for instance, of the maintenance of a trireme, a chorus during a theater festival, or a gymnasium. In some cases, the prestige of the undertaking could attract volunteers. Such was the case for the choragus, who organized and financed choruses for a drama festival. In other instances, like the burden of outfitting and commanding a trireme, the liturgy functioned more like a mandatory donation. In some cities, like Miletus and Teos, heavy taxation was imposed on citizens.
On the other hand, indirect taxes were quite important. Taxes were levied on houses, slaves, herds and flocks, wines, and hay, among others. The rights to collect many of these taxes were often transferred to publicans, or telônai (τελῶναι). However, this was not true of all cities. Thasos' gold mines and Athens' taxes on business allowed them to eliminate these indirect taxes. Dependent groups such as the Penestae of Thessaly and the Helots of Sparta were taxed by the city-states to which they were subject.
I think burden would fit, because most of us think of taxation as a burden, even in this day and age, too.
We are going with burden and we will just hope for the best. LOL This is going to be a graded paper and she is right on the cusp of getting an A and she really needs a 100% on this paper! Missing one doesn't sound bad until you realize there is only 13 on the paper!! I will be so glad when this grading period is over next Wednesday!! LOL
Thanks for all your help!!
Good luck to your daughter! Our first quarter doesn't end until November 10th! LOL!
We don't have quarters, we have 6 6 weeks grading periods instead of 4 9 weeks.... it stinks I tell ya. LOL Not much time to make up a bad grade if you have one!! The elem school and the high school have 9 weeks, but the middle school is on 6 weeks.
Oh okay. Emily told me it's time for mid-quarters, next week Wednesday. Our whole school district goes by the quarter system.
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